Northern Lights by City
Aurora needs a dark sky, enough geomagnetic activity and clear weather. Pick a city to see the first two, month by month.
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Best in November: 6 of 23 Places
The places at their best in November come first. Every figure is history, not a forecast.
Best places in November, on one page
Every figure here counts geomagnetic activity and darkness only. It does not count clouds. Clear, dark skies are needed to see aurora.
How to Read This Page
Three things have to line up to see the northern lights: darkness, enough geomagnetic activity for the latitude, and a clear sky.
Dark hours are the hours each night with the sun more than 12 degrees below the horizon, read on the 15th of the month.
Activity is the Kp index, a 0 to 9 scale of geomagnetic activity measured every 3 hours. Each place needs a certain Kp for a faint glow to the north and a higher Kp for a display overhead. The counts show how often dark nights reached that level from 1991 to 2025.
The best months are the three months when the largest share of dark nights reached the level. They often fall around the equinoxes, in March and in September and October, rather than in midwinter: geomagnetic storms are more common then, because the tilt of the Earth's magnetic field around the equinoxes makes it easier for the Sun's magnetic field, carried by the solar wind, to connect with it.
The activity counts do not include clouds, and history is not a forecast. Check the live maps on the night, before you head out.
- St. Joseph Best in Nov Michigan (Great Lakes) Best months for a glow low on the northern horizon: May, October, November.
- Toledo Best in Nov Ohio (Great Lakes) Best months for a glow low on the northern horizon: May, October, November.
- Port Clinton Best in Nov Ohio (Great Lakes) Best months for a glow low on the northern horizon: April, October, November.
- Yellowknife Best in Nov Northwest Territories (Northern Canada) The oval is usually overhead or close by on dark nights.
- Churchill Best in Nov Manitoba (Northern Canada) The oval is usually overhead or close by on dark nights.
- Tromso Best in Nov Norway (Scandinavia) The oval is usually overhead or close by on dark nights.
- Fairbanks Alaska Best months for an overhead display: January, February, March.
- Anchorage Alaska Best months for an overhead display: February, March, October.
- Marquette Michigan (Great Lakes) Best months for a glow low on the northern horizon: March, September, October.
- Duluth Minnesota (Great Lakes) Best months for an overhead display: March, September, October.
- Ely Minnesota (Great Lakes) Best months for an overhead display: March, September, October.
- Grand Marais Minnesota (Great Lakes) Best months for an overhead display: March, September, October.
- Copper Harbor Michigan (Great Lakes) Best months for an overhead display: March, September, October.
- Whitefish and Glacier National Park Montana (US Rockies) Best months for a glow low on the northern horizon: March, September, October.
- Whitehorse Yukon (Northern Canada) Best months for an overhead display: January, February, March.
- Dawson City Yukon (Northern Canada) Best months for an overhead display: January, February, March.
- Banff Alberta (Canadian Rockies) Best months for an overhead display: March, September, October.
- Jasper Alberta (Canadian Rockies) Best months for an overhead display: February, September, October.
- Abisko Sweden (Scandinavia) Best months for an overhead display: January, February, March, October.
- Kiruna Sweden (Scandinavia) Best months for an overhead display: January, February, March, October.
- Lofoten Norway (Scandinavia) Best months for an overhead display: January, February, March.
- Rovaniemi Finland Best months for an overhead display: January, February, March.
- Reykjavik Iceland Best months for an overhead display: January, February, March.
Moon Guide
Moonlight washes out a faint aurora. The darkest skies come in the week around each new moon:
The Solar Cycle
In October 2024 NASA and NOAA announced that the Sun had reached the maximum period of Solar Cycle 25, which they said could last about a year. Source: NASA
Dark hours: time with the sun more than 12 degrees below the horizon on the night of the 15th. Kp needed: from the place's corrected geomagnetic latitude (AACGM-v2) and NOAA's average position of the auroral oval; the horizon figure adds our own allowance of about 3 degrees. Nights: definitive Kp, 1991 to 2025, counting only nights with darkness.
Kp index data: Geomagnetic Observatory Niemegk, GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, CC BY 4.0. Matzka, J., Stolle, C., Yamazaki, Y., Bronkalla, O. and Morschhauser, A., 2021. The geomagnetic Kp index and derived indices of geomagnetic activity. Space Weather, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002641 CC BY 4.0
The month figures are history, not a forecast.